Risk Factors

  • Associated with retinal vascular disease (Diabetic Retinopathy, Hypertensive Retinopathy, Sickle Cell Retinopathy).
  • In a recent retrospective study in patients with confirmed PAMM lesions, 25.4% were seen with RVOs, 21.4% seen with RAOs, 2.6% in combined RAO and RVO, and 50.6% seen with no other RVD

Limoli C et al. Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAM): clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognostic outcomes. IOVS. 2023; 64(8): 3664