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Case 4: Optomap® color fundus image Case 4: An optomap® image of another patient who has undergone extensive panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative retinopathy. The disc neovascularization has regressed and only some fibroglial tissue anterior to the disc is visible. A few scattered hemorrhages are detectable.
Optomap® Gallery Images See following pages for explanations of each fundus image.
Histological Section as Compared to the OCT Image Although the photoreceptor integrity line, or the PIL (defined as the junction between the inner and outer segments) is barely visible in most histological sections, it is highly prominent in normal SD OCTs. The PIL, as shown above, should be continuous throughout the entire scan
Case 3: Topcon 3D OCT OS In some patients with diabetes, ophthalmoscopy reveals no exudates or other signs of diabetic retinopathy but SD OCT reveals numerous hard exudates in the vicinity of the outer plexiform layer. The presence of exudates allows a diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and hence provides indirect evidence of diabetic nephropathy.3,5
Case 3: Topcon 3D OCT OS In this horizontal section. the hard exudates are similarly not observed with ophthalmoscopy but easily visualized with SD OCT.
Case 3: Topcon 3D OCT OS Nearly all of the hard exudates in this horizontal section are invisible to ophthalmoscopy but easily detected with SD OCT. By reviewing all 128 horizontal sections in the 6x6 mm box. 405 or so exudates were detected but only 20 or so with ophthalmoscopy, a 20:1 ratio.
Case 3: Topcon 3D OCT OS This is a horizontal scan through an obvious exudate, the precise location of which is documented with the vertical white and green lines. Most hard exudates reside in the outer plexiform layer as do these. The smaller exudates to the left of the large exudate are obvious with
Case 3: Invisible to Ophthalmoscopy? Case 3: Exudates in diabetes and other vascular disease can be detected with SD OCT far earlier than with ophthalmoscopy. This is a fundus photo of another patient with early non-proliferative ("background") retinopathy. Careful ophthalmoscopy and review of the fundus photo revealed about 21 exudates in the zone of the
Case 2: Topcon 3D OCT Movie This congenital opacity within Cloquet's canal is nicely revealed with the Topcon 3D movie and appears to some to resemble a "swan." Note: The movie can easily be paused or replayed by moving the mouse over the control panel on the bottom. Topcon Medical
Case 2: Topcon 3D OCT OD Case 2: In another patient with diabetic retinopathy with obvious hard exudates, the question of possible disc neovascularization was considered. However, in this case the tissue emanating from the disc is an intravitreal vascular loop secondary to failure of the embryonic fissure from completely regressing.4
